《韩熙载夜宴图》乐器与舞蹈的再考证

Re-verification on Musical Instruments and Dance in Han Xizai Evening Banquet

画家顾闳中创作于五代时期的 《韩熙载夜宴图》描绘了当时的独奏乐器、器乐合奏与舞蹈等形态。北宋陈旸编撰的 《乐书》是距离南唐时代最近的一部音乐类百科全书,能够真实反映出当时音乐的整体面貌。画像中的乐器、器乐合奏、舞蹈形式通过 《乐书》 中乐器的图像记录与唐宋同时期文献进行对比考证,从而确定琵琶为五弦琵琶或■琵琶;打击乐器为板鼓或书鼓、教坊鼓、大鼓、小拍板;舞蹈种类为“软舞”;乐器合奏的形式为 “细乐”或 “清吹”,乐队的乐器为筚篥、笛或篴或七孔笛。

The painting of Han Xizai Evening Banquet,created by painter Gu Hongzhong during the Five Dynasties period,portrays the forms of solo instruments,instrumental ensemble as well as dance of that time. Yue Shu compiled by Chen Yang of the Northern Song Dynasty is a music encyclopedia in the time closest to the Southern Tang Dynasty,which can truly reflect the whole appearance of the music at that time. The various forms of musical instruments,instrumental ensemble and dance in the portrait are compared with the literature of the same period of Tang and Song Dynasties for verification through the image recording of musical instruments in Yue Shu. Thus,it is determined that pipa is a five-string pipa or a Chou pipa. Percussion instruments are Ban drum or Shu drum,Jiaofang drum,big drum and small clapper. The dance category belongs to“Soft Dance”. The instrumental ensemble takes the form of“fine music”or “clear blowing”,and the musical instruments of the band are Bili pipe,flute or Di or seven-hole-flute.