葡萄干中霉菌污染调查研究分析

Investigation and Analysis of Mold Contamination in Raisins

目的:了解葡萄干中霉菌污染情况。方法:采集市售及网店销售的各种类型即食葡萄干,按照《食品安全国家标准食品微生物学检验霉菌和酵母计数》(GB4789.15—2016)[1]的检验方法进行霉菌的检测,并对检测数据进行t检验统计学分析。结果:采集的104件样本中,101份有霉菌生长,霉菌检出率为97%,98份样本霉菌数超过50CFU·g^(-1),占比94%;有94份样本霉菌数超过150CFU·g^(-1),占比90%;有81份样本霉菌数超过500CFU·g^(-1),占比78%;有60份样本霉菌数超过1000CFU·g^(-1),占比58%。检出的霉菌均值为5 800 CFU·g^(-1),网购的葡萄干的霉菌均值高于实体店采购的葡萄干霉菌均值。葡萄干级别不同,霉菌均值不同,均值与级别无正相关性;葡萄干产地不同、分装地不同,霉菌均值不同,均值差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论:葡萄干的霉菌污染严重,且其各类检测标准中缺乏霉菌项目,建议相关部门完善葡萄干及水果干制品产品标准,加强对葡萄干行业的监管。

Objective: The situation of mold contamination in raisins was understood. Method: The various types of ready-to-eat raisins sold in the market and online stores were collected. According to GB 4789.15—2016, and the test data were statistically analyzed by t test. Result: Among 104 samples collected, 101 samples had mold growth, the mold detection rate was 97%, 98 samples had mold number over 50 CFU·g^(-1), accounting for 94% of the total;There were 94 samples with more than 150 CFU·g^(-1), accounting for 90% of the total;There were 81 samples with more than 500 CFU·g^(-1), accounting for 78% of the total;There were 60 samples with more than 1 000 CFU·g^(-1), accounting for 58% of the total. The mean value of the detected mold was 5 800 CFU·g^(-1). The mean mildew of raisins purchased online was higher than the mean mildew of raisins purchased in stores. The mean value of mildew was different with different grades of raisins, and there was no positive correlation between mean value and grades. The mean value of mold was different in different places of origin and packing,and the difference was statistically significant(P < 0.05). Conclusion: The mold contamination of raisins is serious, and there is a lack of mold items in various testing standards of raisins. It is suggested to improve the product standards of raisins and dried fruit products, and strengthen the supervision of the raisin industry.