视觉媒介与男性身体观念变迁——基于西方健美历程发展的回顾与反思

Visual Media and Changes of Male Body Concepts:Review and Reflections Based on Western Bodybuilding History

以西方男性健美发展历程为线索,运用文献法和逻辑分析法考察媒介与男性身体观念变迁之关系。通过论述摄影术、杂志、电影、互联网等媒介形式对健美展演带来的影响,发现视觉媒介在促进西方现代健美观念推广方面具有重要作用。从19世纪末开始,以摄影术的发展为依托,肌肉型的身体审美观开始流行,健美产业的规模和受众群体不断扩大。与此同时视觉媒介也助推力量型与肌肉型健美观念的分化、自然健美观念与奇观健美观念的分化、虚拟型健美观念与专业健美观念的分化。总体来看,在视觉媒体的主导下,西方男性身体观念越来越多地被商业化力量所规训,对媒介技术的依赖使身体本身走向被忽视和缺席状态。以此为镜鉴,我国应正确认识和处理媒介与身体发展之关系,推广身心和谐的身体塑造观念。

In this study,the history of male bodybuilding in the west was used to investigate the interaction between visual media and the changes of the male body concepts.The influences of photography,magazine,film,internet and other media forms on bodybuilding exhibition revealed that media played an important role in popularizing the modern bodybuilding concept.From the end of the 19th century,due to the development of photography,muscular body aesthetics became popular,and its integration with the mass media made the scale and the consumers of the bodybuilding industry continued to grow.Meanwhile,visual media helped the differentiation of power and muscular bodybuilding concepts,the differentiation of natural bodybuilding concepts and spectacle bodybuilding concepts,and the differentiation of virtual bodybuilding concepts and professional bodybuilding concepts.In general,the western male body concept was led by the commercial forces,and its reliance on the media technology made the body itself neglected and absent.Therefore,a correct understanding and handling of the relationship between the media and the development of the body should be held to build harmonious body and mind.