体育非物质文化遗产传承的引导性协同机制生成——基于Y寨苗拳的田野调查

Becoming of Collaborative Mechanism in Inheritance of Sport Intangible Cultural Heritage:A Field investigation based on Hmong Martial Arts in Y Village

以往体育学界未能充分认识并具体分析政府及其衍生机构在体育非物质文化遗产传承协同机制中的引导,所提协同机制操作性不强,不能充分揭示体育非物质文化遗产传承实践中存在的问题症结。针对这些问题,受挪威人类学家弗里德里克·巴特(Fredrick Barth)的文化转换“生成”过程论的启发,对体育非物质文化遗产传承中的引导性协同机制的生成过程开展个案研究,以弥补学界当下在体育非物质文化遗产传承协同机制研究及其建构过程实证研究方面存在的不足。Y寨苗拳为这方面的研究提供了一个鲜活生动的个案。在翔实的田野调查基础上,借鉴行动者网络理论中的“转译”概念、德勒兹的“生成”思想来剖析体育非物质文化传承中个体与组织、机构间的协同机制生成过程。该研究个案表明州武协、市文广局、镇政府作为核心行动者之一,对苗拳师、村民实施行动意图、目标、路径上的转换,形成一种引导性协同机制,使武术文化旅游成为苗拳传承与乡村振兴的可选路径。他们在交往的基础上,就武术文化旅游的筹备反复协商,凸显了政府对苗拳传承在人员、政策、活动、物质等层面的引导,生成了苗拳师与其他村民、镇政府、州武协、市文广局的多维联结关系,生成一种基于利益相互嵌合的、具有引导性协同机制效能的行动者网络,使武术文化遗产的传承成为可能。通过体育非物质文化遗产传承引导性协同机制生成的研究,不仅有助于更深刻地了解体育非物质文化遗产传承中的症结问题,而且也有助于更好地理解政府及其衍生机构在体育非物质文化遗产传承协同机制中的引导作用,以及具体的引导途径与策略。

In the past,the sports academia failed to fully understand and specifically analyze the guidance of the government and its guidance in the sport intangible cultural heritage coordination mechanism.The proposed collaborative mechanism was not operative and could not fully reveal the core of the problems.Inspired by Friedrich Barth’s research on the process of cultural transformation,this paper made a case study on the formation process of the guiding collaborative mechanism to make up for the current gaps in the research on collaborative mechanism and empirical study of the construction process of the inheritance mechanism,with Hmong Martial arts of Y village providing a vivid example.On the basis of detailed field study,the generation process of the collaborative mechanism between individuals and organizations and institutions in the inheritance of sports culture were analyzed from the concept of“translation”in actor network theory and Deleuze’s thought on“generation”.It showed that the prefectural martial arts association,the municipal bureau of culture and broadcasting,and the town government had guided the intentions,goals,and actions of the Hmong boxers and villagers,making martial arts cultural tourism an optional for the inheritance of Hmong boxing and rural revitalization.n the basis of communication,they repeatedly negotiated on the preparation of martial arts cultural tourism,highlighting the government’s guidance on the inheritance of Hmong martial arts in terms of personnel,policies,activities,and materials.Hmong martial arts training hall,folk culture square and other things were formed.The multi-dimensional associations between Hmong boxers and other villagers,town governments,state martial arts associations,and municipal cultural and broadcasting bureaus were formed,and a social system network with mutual interests was formed.The research on the formation of the guiding collaborative mechanism for the inheritance of sport intangible cultural heritage not only helped to have a deeper understanding of the essence of the inheritance of sport intangible cultural heritage,but also helped to better understand the guiding role of the government and its guiding organizations in the coordination mechanism of sport intangible cultural heritage inheritance as well as specific guiding strategies.