土默川灌区玉米田杂草发生规律及除草剂防除效果

Occurrence of Weeds and Effect of Herbicides in Corn Fields of Tumochuan Irrigation Area

为明确土默川灌区玉米田杂草发生、危害状况及化学除草剂减量化的田间药效,以利禾1号为供试品种,采用随机调查的方法,对土默川灌区玉米田杂草种类、发生规律及其群落自然消长动态进行调查。同时,初选5种玉米田常用除草剂,每种除草剂设2个浓度梯度,结合除草剂助剂使用,共设计17个处理,研究不同处理对玉米田杂草防效及产量的影响。结果表明土默川灌区玉米田杂草有19种,隶属于9科,阔叶杂草中藜和马齿苋发生最多,占阔叶杂草总数的86.79%,禾本科杂草中光头稗发生数量最多,占禾本科杂草总数的93.90%,其次为反枝苋、曼陀罗和圆叶锦葵,分别占阔叶杂草的2.92%、2.27%、1.03%;封闭除草剂66%乙·莠·滴辛酯悬乳剂和茎叶除草剂31%烟·莠·滴辛酯可分散油悬浮剂对玉米田杂草的防效均在90%以上,添加助剂对防效有促进作用。防效与除草剂种类相关,合理剂量范围内浓度越高效果越好。

To clarify the occurrence and damage of weeds and efficacy of chemical herbicides reduction in corn fields of Tumochuan irrigation area,it was to invest weed species,regularity of occurrence and natural dynamics of communities using Lihe No.1 as the test variety via random survey methods.Meanwhile,5 herbicides commonly used in corn fields were preliminary selected.Each herbicide with 2 concentration gradients combined with the use of herbicide additives,and it was to study the effect of 17 treatments on weed control and yield in corn fields.The results showed that there are 19 species of weeds belonging to 9 families.Chenopodium album and Portulaca oleracea occured the most,accounting for 86.79%of the total broad-leaved weeds.And Echinochloa colonum occurred the most,accounting for 93.90%of the total number of Gramineae weeds,followed by Amaranthus retroflexus,Datura stramonium and Malva rotundifolia,which accounted for 2.92%,2.27%,1.03%of broad-leaved weeds,respectively.The control effect of the soil sealing herbicide acetocaprylate·atrazine·2,4-D isooctyl ester 66%SE and stem-foliar-applied herbicide nicosulfuron·trazine·2,4-D isooctyl ester 31%OD against weeds in corn fields were both above 90%,and the addition of adjuvants could promote the control effect.The control effect is related to the type of herbicide,and the higher the concentration within a reasonable dose range was,the better the effect got.