明代两畿鲁豫俵马折价和市场价格研究

The Converted Price and the Market Price of Biao Horses(俵马)in Northern and Southern Zhili as Well as Henan and Shandong in the Ming Dynasty

明代俵马折色化引起了学界的关注和讨论,但俵马折价关注不多。俵马折价承载着折色化的重要内容,在俵马折色化过程中官府往往通过调控折价的方式达到其施政之目的。用统计和定量研究方法对以银为货币单位表示的俵马折价的变动及折价与市价的关系进行考量后发现:成化、弘治以及隆庆至崇祯年间,折价趋于平稳,正德、嘉靖年间呈快速上涨趋势;马匹市价则呈现不规则变化,波动较小;俵马折价与市价无明显相关关系,一般折价高于市价。官府采取俵马折色的方式看似是解决民众赋役负担过重问题,实则是利用自身信息优势以及折价与市价之间的价差,官府既能从边境马市中得到“物美价廉”的良马,又可获得一定的财政收入。

The monetization of Biao Horses in the Ming Dynasty attracts scholars’attention and discussion,but not much attention was paid to the converted price.The converted price carried the important contents of the monetization of Biao Horses.In the process of the monetization of Biao Horses,the government often achieved its goal by regulating the converted price.Using statistical and quantitative research methods to consider the trend of converted price,the relationship between the converted price and market price of horses,it was found that,during the reigns of emperors Chenghua,and Hongzhi,and from Longqing to Chongzhen periods,converted price tended to be stable,during Zhengde and Jiajing periods,it showed an upward trend.While the market price fluctuates little.There is no obvious correlation between converted price and market price of horses,and it is generally higher than market price.The government took the monetization of Biao Horses,which seemed to solve the problem of people’s heavy burden,but in fact,it took its information advantages and the regional difference between the converted price and market price of horses.The government not only gained"inexpensive and fine"horses from the border horse market but also gained certain economic benefits.