洋麦进口与近代上海机制面粉工业发展

The Import of Foreign Wheat and the Development of Mechanism Flour Industry in Late Imperial and Modern Shanghai

第一次世界大战后,上海机制面粉工业利用世界麦产增加及麦价下跌的时机,大规模进口洋麦,生产原料出现从以国麦为主到以洋麦为主的结构性转变,也因此获得显著的成本优势,与进口洋粉展开竞争,并挤压了其它地区面粉工业的市场空间。但过度依赖洋麦以及政府调控在国麦产销和洋麦进口方面的缺位,强化了机制面粉工业对资本主义世界市场的依附性,这成为导致1930年代上海机制面粉工业走向衰落的重要因素。洋麦与近代上海机制面粉工业的关系,是近代民族工业脱离本国农业生产、过度依赖资本主义世界市场的集中体现。

After World War I,the mechanism flour industry in Shanghai took advantage of the world wheat production increased and the price of wheat fell,imported a large number of foreign wheat.The production materials changed from the native wheat to the foreign wheat,helped the mechanism flour industry gain significant cost advantages,compete with imported foreign flour,and squeeze the market space of flour industry in many cities.However,excessive dependence on foreign wheat and the lack of government regulation on native wheat production and import of foreign wheat strengthened the dependence of the mechanism flour industry on the capitalist world market,it was an important factor leading to the decline of Shanghai mechanism flour industry in 1930 s.The relationship between foreign wheat and modern Shanghai mechanism flour industry is the concentrated embodiment of modern national industry’s separation from native agricultural production and excessive dependence on world wheat market.