清代棚民的置产与入籍——基于徽州周家源文书的考察

Purchasing of the Real State and Naturalization of the Shed People during Qing Dynasty:An Examination Based on the Documents of Zhoujiayuan in Huizhou

周家源杨氏家族文书记录了19世纪棚民在徽州置买土地并定居的过程。1805年开始,杨氏棚民先与其他棚民合伙购买土地,后逐渐单独大量购置周家源山场,用于造屋、下葬及山林经营,成立了独立的纳粮户头。他们还被编入歙县的保甲体系之中。1834年分家以后,杨氏家族向周边继续扩大购地规模,增加山林经营的投入,并在休宁县开立图甲税户完纳钱粮。在传统徽州宗族村落之外寻求新的聚落空间,买地置产,加入各类户籍,都是棚民在徽州得以定居的重要契机。

The Yang’s family documents of Zhoujiayuan recorded the process of the shed people buying land and settling down in Huizhou in the 19th century.Since the beginning of 1805,the Yang’s shed people first purchased land together with other shed people,and later gradually purchased a large number of mountain fields separately in Zhoujiayuan,which were used for building houses,burials,forest operations.And they established an independent income tax account.They were also incorporated into the Baojia system of She County.After the division of the family in 1834,the Yang’s family continued to expand the scale of land purchase in the surrounding areas,and eased the investment in forest operations.They also opened a Tujia tax account in Xiuning County to pay the money and grain.Seeking new settlement space outside of the traditional Huizhou clan villages,buying land and property,and joining various types of household registration are all-important opportunities for the shed people to settle down in Huizhou.