满文创制问题再探

Re-discussion on the Problem of Manchu Writing System

12世纪初女真完颜部兴起建立金朝并创制女真文。至15世纪末16世纪初,女真文在女真人中彻底失传,蒙古文成为女真社会的文书文字。努尔哈赤于万历二十七年(1599年)令属下参照蒙古文创制满文,即无圈点满文;其子皇太极在位时期又令属下改进满文,于天聪六年(1632年)制成加圈点满文,满文由此形成一套特点较为鲜明的字母符号体系。

At the beginning of the 12th century,the Jurchen Wanyan Tribe emerged and established the Jin Dynasty and created the Jurchen script.By the end of the 15th century and the beginning of the 16th century,the Jurchen script was completely lost among the Jurchens,and the Mongolian script became the documentary text of the Jurchen society.In the twenty-seventh year of Wanli(1599),Nurhachi ordered his subordinates to refer to the Mongolian culture to create Manchu,that is,unmarked Manchu.During the reign of his son,Huang Taiji,he ordered his subordinates to improve Manchu in the sixth year of Tiancong(1632).Is made into Manchu with dotted dots,and Manchu has thus formed a set of distinctive letter symbol system.