阿尔泰语系语言人称代词、指示代词关系及其渊源研究(下)——兼论与汉藏语的接触

Relationship between Personal Pronouns and Demonstrative Pronouns in Altaic Languages and Their Origins

阿尔泰语系语言代词在结构、语音、语法、语义等方面具有相互对应关系,其中人称代词和指示代词的来源一致,是由两个表达"身体"语义的词语演变而来的。阿尔泰语系语言人称代词的演变过程如下:身体Ⅰ(泛指)>自己的身体(特指)>自己(语法化的反身代词)>第一人称代词>第三人称代词(指近)>指示代词(指近);身体Ⅱ(泛指)>第二人称代词>第三人称代词(指远)>指示代词(指远)。汉语人称代词、指示代词、反身代词的演变历程与阿尔泰语系语言有着共同的特点,而阿尔泰语系语言部分代词借用了汉藏语系语言。

Altaic language pronouns have a corresponding relationship in structure,phonetics,grammar,semantics,etc.Among them,the personal pronouns and demonstrative pronouns have the same origin,and evolved from two words expressing the meaning of“body”.The evolution process of personal pronouns in Altaic languages is as follows:bodyⅠ(general reference)>own body(specific reference)>self(grammatically reflexive pronouns)>first personal pronouns>third personal pronouns(referring to near)>demonstrative pronouns(referring to)Near);BodyⅡ(generally referring to)>Second person pronouns>Third person pronouns(referring to far)>Demonstrative pronouns(referring to far).The evolution of Chinese personal pronouns,demonstrative pronouns,and reflexive pronouns has the same characteristics as Altaic languages,and some pronouns of Altaic languages borrowed from Sino-Tibetan languages.