食品接触用铝和铝合金材料及制品中铝元素的迁移及风险评估

Study of migration and safety assessment of aluminum in food contact aluminum and aluminum alloy materials and articles in China

目的研究食品接触用铝和铝合金材料及制品中的铝在不同食品模拟物及迁移条件下的迁移规律,开展来源于食品接触用铝和铝合金材料及制品的铝的风险评估,评估其膳食暴露风险,提出安全性管理建议。方法选择4%乙酸(体积分数)、5 g/L柠檬酸和人造自来水3种食品模拟物,分别在煮沸0.5 h后室温放置24 h和煮沸2 h两种迁移试验条件下开展3次迁移试验,采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪检测铝迁移量,研究铝的迁移规律。结果食品接触用铝和铝合金材料及制品中铝元素的迁移量在3次迁移试验中无明显规律,在4%乙酸(体积分数)及5 g/L柠檬酸中的迁移量远高于人造自来水;膳食暴露评估结果显示,通过铝和铝合金制品摄入的铝元素的估计膳食暴露量可达0.65~51.21 mg/(kg·BW·w),风险较高,应引起关注。结论来源于食品接触用铝和铝合金材料及制品的铝膳食摄入存在一定风险,建议基于更为准确的膳食摄入量数据进一步开展膳食暴露评估,同时建议采取风险管理措施管控铝元素的迁移,并通过科普宣传和行业创新等手段控制铝元素的迁移风险。

Objective To analyze aluminum migration in food contact aluminum and aluminum alloy materials and articles on the Chinese market under different migration test patterns,to discuss the differences in aluminum migration under different test conditions and product categories.And to assess the exposure risk of aluminum migration in food contact aluminum and aluminum alloy materials and articles.Methods In migration test,4%(V/V)acetic acid,5 g/L citric acid and tap water were selected.The migration test conditions were boiling for 0.5 h,room temperature for 24 h,and boiling for 2 h.The aluminum migration was detected by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry(ICP-AES).According to the migration test result,extreme hypothesis method was used to evaluate dietary exposure.Results The migration amount of aluminum in food contact aluminum and aluminum alloy materials and articles had no obvious regularity in the three migration tests,and the migration amount in 4%(V/V)acetic acid and 5 g/L citric acid were much higher than that in the artificial tap water.The result of dietary exposure assessment showed that the estimated dietary exposure of aluminum through aluminum and aluminum alloy products could reach 0.65 to 51.21 mg/(kg·BW·w)and has certain risks.Conclusion It is suggested that the risk of aluminum intake from aluminum and aluminum alloy materials and articles for food contact is high,so further exposure assessment should be carried out based on more accurate food consumption data.At the same time,risk management measures should be taken to control the migration of aluminum,and the migration risk of aluminum should be controlled by means of science popularization and industry innovation.