我国批准使用的食品着色剂理论风险评估

Theoretical risk assessment of food colorants approved in China

目的针对《食品安全国家标准食品添加剂使用标准》(GB 2760—2014)中具有每日允许摄入量(ADI)值和最大使用量的着色剂,开展理论风险评估,了解其使用的安全性和人体健康风险。方法首先使用丹麦预算法计算着色剂的理论每日最大摄入量。对于预算法评估发现摄入量超过ADI的着色剂,进一步利用我国2012年总膳食研究的食物消费量数据和GB 2760—2014中着色剂的最大使用量,采用简单分布评估法开展理论风险评估。结果本研究共筛选出21种具有数值型ADI和最大使用限量的着色剂。预算法评估发现其中有15种每日摄入量高于ADI。对这15种着色剂进一步开展简单分布评估,显示我国一般人群的每日平均摄入量均低于ADI,但有2种着色剂的高食物量消费人群(P95)摄入量超过其ADI;消费人群的每日平均摄入量也均低于ADI,但有8种着色剂的P95摄入量超过其ADI。结论我国批准使用的大部分着色剂在我国人群中的摄入量较低,风险处于可接受水平,但仍有少部分着色剂的高食物量消费人群的每日理论摄入量超过ADI,需要进一步摸清这些着色剂在食品中的实际含量后开展更精确的风险评估,从而确定其对我国人群的健康风险水平。

Objective To carry out the theoretical risk assessment for food colorants in the National food safety standard-standards for uses of food additives(GB 2760—2014)by Budget method and deterministic assessment.Methods Budget method was applied for calculating the theoretical maximum daily intake of food colorants which had ADI values and maximum use levels.For the additives whose intakes were higher than their ADIs,simple distribution assessment was performed with food consumption data from a Chinese total diet study in 2012.Results There are totally 21 food colorants have both ADI values and maximum use levels in GB 2760—2014.These 21 food colorants were included in the assessment by Budget method.The maximum theoretical daily intake of 15 food colorants exceeded their ADIs.Then,these 15 food colorants were assessed by simple distribution assessment.The result showed that the average intakes were below ADIs but the P95 intakes of 2 food colorants exceeded the ADIs in the whole population.Among consumers,the average intakes were also below ADIs,but the P95 intakes of 8 food colorants exceeded the ADIs.Conclusion The health risks of most food colorant intakes in the national standard were at low levels.However,a few food colorants showed a requirement for further assessment with the actual concentrations in foods to confirm their health risk level.