2016—2020年郴州市毒蕈中毒事件流行病学特征分析

Analysis on the epidemiological characteristics of mushroom poisoning incidents in Chenzhou City from 2016 to 2020

目的通过对2016—2020年郴州市毒蕈中毒事件的流行病学特征进行描述性分析,为制定毒蕈中毒预防控制措施提供科学依据。方法收集和整理2016—2020年郴州市通过"食源性疾病事件报告系统"上报的毒蕈中毒事件资料,对事件发生的时间、地区、人群特征以及毒蕈来源、种类进行描述性分析。结果2016—2020年郴州市共报告毒蕈中毒事件131起,发病461例,死亡6例,病死率为1.3%;事件起数最多的是2020年,中毒发生时间集中在5~10月;事件报告起数和发病人数居前3位的依次是嘉禾县、北湖区和宜章县,多发生在农村地区;家庭是毒蕈中毒高发场所,毒蕈主要来源于市民自行采摘,也有部分从市场购买;已知毒蕈种类的中毒事件中的事件起数和发病例数前3位的依次为日本红菇、大青褶伞、近江粉褶菌,死亡病例由灰花纹鹅膏和亚稀褶红菇中毒引起。结论应针对特定时间、地点和人群进行毒蕈中毒宣传教育,同时应加强对野生蕈市场销售的监管,开展毒蕈中毒的相关研究,以科学预防毒蕈中毒的发生。

Objective A descriptive analysis of the epidemiological characteristics of mushroom poisoning incidents in Chenzhou city from 2016 to 2020 was carried out to provide a reference for the formulation of prevention and control measures.Methods The data of mushroom poisoning incidents reported by“Food-borne Disease Incident Reporting System”in Chenzhou city from 2016 to 2020 were collected and sorted out,and the time,region,population characteristics,sources and species of toadstool were descriptive analyzed.Results From 2016 to 2020,a total of 131 cases of mushroom poisoning incidents were reported in Chenzhou city with 461 cases of disease and 6 deaths,and the case fatality rate was 1.3%.The number of mushroom poisoning incidents were the highest in 2020,and the poisoning peak occurred from May to October.Jiahe county,Beihu district and Yizhang county ranked the top three in the number of incidents and cases of mushroom poisoning,and most of them occurred in rural areas.Families was the high-incidence places of mushroom poisoning,the major sources of poisonous mushroom were picked by citizens themselves,and some were bought from the market.Among the poisoning incidents caused by known poisonous mushroom species,the top three in the number of incidents and cases were russula emetica,chlorophyllum molybdites,and entoloma omiense.The death cases were caused by poisoning of amanita fuliginea and russula subnigricans.Conclusion The publicity and education should be carried out for specific time,places and population.At the same time,the supervision of wild mushroom market sales should be strengthened,and relevant research on mushroom poisoning should be carried out to prevent the occurrence of mushroom poisoning.