我国植物种质资源的搜集、保护与发展

Collection, Conservation and Development of Plant Germplasm Resources in China

为了解国内种质资源保护状况,我们通过查阅相关资料,对其保护方法、信息平台建设及有关研究进行了总结。目前对于搜集发现的新、老品种,主要以种植、种子或离体方式对其进行保存或保护。农作物、中药材、林木及花卉等基础信息平台的建设与完善,方便了植物种质资源的深入研究与应用。我国近年来有关种质资源的文章及专利量呈逐年上升趋势,主要集中在小麦、玉米、水稻等方面;非主要农作物特色种类的保护与应用开发研究应进一步加强。今后需要不断完善国内植物种质资源圃建设体系,鼓励多主体参与保护及应用,积极参与国际种质资源保护与开发。这些努力为拓展植物种质资源遗传多样性、提高育种效率提供参考。

To learn related information,it was summarized that the methods of conservation or protection,information collection and platforms construction about plant germplasm resources. New or old varieties collected can be conserved or protected by means of in/ex-situ,seed or in vitro conservation. The constructed and improved basic information platforms of crops,Chinese medicinal plants,trees,and flowers had made it convenient for further study of plant germplasm resources. In recent 20 years,the articles and patents of plant germplasm resources in China National Knowledge Infrastructure were on the rise. The main research were focused on germplasm resources of wheat,corn and rice. In the future,the protection and exploitation of non-major crop species are important. It is necessary to further improve the domestic nursery system for plant germplasm resources,to encourage multi-parties to participate in protection and application,and to actively take part in the conservation and development of germplasm resources globally. These efforts will provide reference for broadening genetic diversity of germplasms,increasing breeding efficiency.