长江经济带生态旅游示范区空间分布特征及影响因素研究

Spatial distribution features and influencing factors of the eco-tourism demonstration areas in the Yangtze River Economic Belt

生态旅游示范区是推动长江经济带旅游可持续发展,实现生态文明区域发展战略的重要手段。以长江经济带“九省二市”的国家级和省级生态旅游示范区为研究对象,运用最邻近指数、变异系数、地理集中度指数等方法研究长江经济带生态旅游示范区的空间格局,运用地理探测器探究其分布格局的影响因素。结果表明:(1)长江经济带生态旅游示范区的空间分布呈集聚态势,且集中分布于上游和下游地区,同时,上游、下游地区内部的非均衡性更强;(2)生态旅游示范区的空间分布密度具有明显的区域差异,呈现出“东西高、中间低”的哑铃型态势,江苏与浙江的交界处、四川省的中南部为生态旅游示范区的高密度区,而长江经济带中部和南部存在一定的“塌陷”区;(3)长江经济带生态旅游示范区空间分布格局主要受到经济发展水平、自然环境和政策环境三方面因素的影响。如何权衡生态保护与旅游发展的关系,实现“以旅游护生态,以生态促旅游”的发展目标,并促进长江经济带生态旅游的一体化发展是目前面临的主要问题。

Eco-tourism demonstration area(ETDA)is an important approach to promote the sustainable development of tourism and to realize the development strategy of the ecological civilization in the Yangtze River Economic Belt(YREB).Taking the national and provincial ETDAs in YREB as objects,the research aims to probe their spatial pattern by using nearest neighbor index,coefficient of variation and geographic concentration index and to reveal its influencing factors by using geographic detectors.The results show that:(1)The ETDAs are concentrated in the up-and down-stream provinces of YREB,and the distribution unevenness among provinces within up-and down-stream is more significant than that among provinces within middle-stream.(2)The distribution densities of the ETDAs are significantly different among the provinces in YREB,while high at the junction of Jiangsu and Zhejiang Province and at the central and southern Sichuan Province and low in the middle and southern parts of YREB,showing a dumbbell-shaped distribution with higher density in the east and west parts and lower density in the middle part.(3)The spatial distribution of the ETDAs in YREB is mainly affected by provincial economic development level,natural environment and policy environment.Therefore,how to coordinate and unify ecological protection with tourism development,and achieve the goal of simultaneously improving ecology protection and tourism development and integrating the development of ecotourism in YREB are the main problems to be solved.