云南苍山洱海国家级自然保护区生态系统健康变化研究

Study on ecosystem health change of Cangshan Erhai National Nature Reserve in Yunnan Province

基于遥感和GIS技术,并结合有关调查数据,采用LDI方法对云南苍山洱海国家级自然保护区1984、1994、2000、2014、2016、2019年6个时期的生态系统健康变化进行研究。结果表明,研究期内,苍山片区建设用地面积明显增加,农用地面积大幅减少,休闲用地面积有所增加,人为干扰区域主要位于苍山四周低海拔区域,LDI值处于1.21—1.25之间,生态系统处于“健康”状态,但随时间的推移干扰持续增强,边界内侧300 m缓冲区的生态系统健康状况不佳;洱海片区建设用地、林地及休闲用地面积呈增加趋势,但受洱海保护政策的改变而有不同程度的变化,农用地及湿地面积大幅减少,整体上洱海四周受居民、游客的干扰程度较大,LDI值处于1.26—1.91之间,生态系统处于“健康”状态,但较靠近“一般”等级,自2000年以后整体健康水平有所改善,边界内侧350 m缓冲区的生态系统健康状况有较长时间处于“一般”等级。

Based on remote sensing and GIS technology and combined with relevant survey data,LDI method was used to research the ecosystem health changes of Cangshan Erhai National Nature Reserve in the six periods(1984,1994,2000,2014,2016 and 2019).Results showed that,during these periods,in Cangshan district,construction land increased significantly,farmland reduced sharply,and recreational land increased.Human interference area was mainly located around the low altitude area of Cangshan.LDI values range from 1.21-1.25,which showed that the ecosystem was in a state of“health”.As time went on,human interference increased,the ecosystem of the boundary within 300 meters of the buffer was in poor condition.The construction land,forest land and the recreational land in Erhai Lake area were all increased,but the areas had different degrees of change because the changes of Erhai Lake protection policy,farmland and wetland were greatly reduced.The surroundings of Erhai Lake were mainly interfered by the residents and tourists.LDI values were between 1.26-1.91,which showed the ecosystem was in“health”condition,but was close to the“ordinary”rank.After 2000,the overall health level improved,the ecosystem of the boundary within 350 meters of the buffer was in the“ordinary”rank for a long time.