贵阳市主城区大气污染物时空分布特征及成因分析

The temporal-spatial distribution features and cause analysis of atmospheric pollutants in Guiyang main urban area

为揭示贵阳市大气污染物的分布特征及成因,基于国控监测站点数据,采用回归分析法、样条函数插值法对贵阳市主要大气污染物进行分析。结果表明:(1)污染物月变化呈现以下特征:O_(3)呈单峰型,NO_(2)呈波动上升变化,其余4种污染物月均质量浓度均呈U形的变化趋势;在季节变化方面,PM_(2.5)、CO、NO_(2)、SO_(2)质量浓度均呈现冬季>春季>秋季>夏季,PM_(10)冬季>秋季>春季>夏季,O_(3)春季>冬季>秋季>夏季。(2)从空间分布看,PM_(2.5)春、夏、秋和冬季具有一致性,其余5种污染物不同季节具有不同的分布特征。(3)在污染物与气象因素相关性方面,PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、CO、NO_(2)、SO_(2)间具有显著正相关性,其中PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)显著相关,二者的排放具有协同性。春季影响大气污染物的关键因素是相对湿度,夏季是降水量和气压,秋季是风速,冬季是气压。

In order to reveal the distribution features and causes of atmospheric pollutants in Guiyang,this paper employed the methods of regression analysis and spline interpolation to perform an analysis of main atmospheric pollutants in Guiyang city,based on data obtained from the state-controlled monitoring station.The results are listed below.(1)The monthly changes of pollutants show following features:the curve of O_(3)is unimodal,that of NO_(2)fluctuates up,and the monthly mass concentration of the rest 4 pollutants shows a U-shaped curve.In terms of seasonal changes,the mass concentration of PM_(2.5),CO,NO_(2)and SO_(2)is highest in winter,followed by spring,autumn and then summer,that of PM_(10) is the highest in winter,followed by autumn,spring,and then summer,and that of O_(3)is highest in spring,followed by winter,autumn,and then summer.(2)The spatial distribution of PM_(2.5) is consistent in the four seasons,while that of the rest 5 pollutants varies with seasons.(3)In terms of the correlation between pollutants and meteorological factors,PM_(2.5),PM_(10),CO,NO_(2)and SO_(2)have a significant positive correlation with meteorological factors,while PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) have the strongest correlation with meteorological factors,and their emissions are synergistic.The key factor that affects atmospheric pollutants in spring is relative humidity;in summer the key factors are precipitation and air pressure;in autumn it is wind speed,and in winter,air pressure.