生物操纵在富营养化湖泊生态恢复中的应用及问题综述

Review on the applications and problems of biomanipulation in ecological restoration of eutrophic lakes

近年来,水体富营养化已成为全球范围内日趋严重的水环境问题之一,而生物操纵则是通过改变水生食物网结构、降低浮游植物生物量、使水体变清,成为富营养水体生态修复的有效途径。论文综述了生物操纵理论的产生和发展、概述其在国内外湖泊生态修复中的应用、总结其在实际应用中面临的挑战,重点讲述了生物操纵后幼鱼暴发的原因及所产生的负面效应,并针对湖泊存在的差异性问题提出相应的措施建议。大量实践结果表明,即使存在一些影响生物操纵取得成功的限制因素,但对于湖泊、水库而言,只要有效控制水体的磷浓度,生物操纵依然可以作为一种有效的退化湖泊生态恢复技术。对于热带、亚热带湖泊和水库,除了控制磷浓度外,有效减少幼鱼尤其是底栖食性幼鱼的生物量也是生物操纵技术取得成功的关键。

Water eutrophication has become one of the increasingly serious water environment problems all over the world.Recently,a bioremediation technology(biomanipulation)was developed and hoped to solve the ecological restoration of eutrophic water bodies.Biomanipulation aimed to changing the structure of aquatic food web to reduce phytoplankton biomass and thus make the water clear.The review introduced the origin and development of biomanipulation theory,summarized its application in ecological restoration of lakes at home and abroad,and concluded the challenges it faced in practical application.This review focused on the causes and negative effects of the outbreak of juvenile fish after biomanipulation.In order to provide reference for the management of eutrophic lakes and the ecological restoration of lakes,corresponding measures and suggestions were put forward.The practice in the past a few years show although there are some factors limit the application of biomanipulation,and it is still an effective restoration technique to degradation lake as long as the phosphorus concentration of the water body is effectively controlled.In addition to controlling the phosphorus concentration,reducing the biomass of juvenile fish,especially benthic species,is also the key to the success of biomanipulation technology for tropical and subtropical lakes and reservoirs.