氧化应激在糖尿病视网膜病变发病机制中的作用

Roles of oxidative stress in diabetic retinopathy

糖尿病视网膜病变(diabetic retinopathy,DR)是糖尿病患者常见的微血管并发症之一。DR的发生有很多原因,确切发病机制目前尚不清楚,但氧化应激与DR的发生发展有重要关系。氧化应激通过晚期糖基化终产物(advanced glycation end products,AGE)途径、多元醇途径、己糖胺途径、蛋白激酶C(protein kinase C,PKC)途径,生成大量活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS),损伤视网膜,导致DNA的氧化损伤,最终导致细胞凋亡;氧化应激水平的提高激活细胞因子,进一步上调氧化应激水平,形成恶性循环。

Diabetic retinopathy(DR)is not only a common complication of diabetic patients,but also one of the serious microvascular complications.There are many reasons for the occurrence of DR,the exact pathogenesis is still unclear,but oxidative stress has an important relationship with the occurrence and development of DR.Oxidative stress activates DR through advanced glycation end products(AGE)pathway,polyol pathway,hexosamine pathway and protein kinase C(PKC)pathway,generates a large number of reactive oxygen species(ROS),damages retina,leads to oxidative damage of DNA,and finally leads to apoptosis.The increase of oxidative stress level activates cytokines,and cytokines can further up regulate the level of oxidative stress and form a vicious circle.