河南黄河湿地自然保护区生态状况变化研究

Study on the Change of Ecological Status in Wetland Nature Reserve Along the Yellow River in Henan

湿地是全球三大生态系统之一,河南湿地自然保护区是我国湿地资源的重要组成部分,在维护生态系统多样化方面起着重要的作用.基于2015年、2019年夏季美国WorldView遥感影像,利用室内分析判读与野外实地调查相结合的技术方法,获取地表生态系统覆盖信息,分析了河南黄河湿地自然保护区生态状况变化过程.研究表明,河南省沿黄河5个湿地自然保护区的森林生态系统、草地生态系统面积出现萎缩,自然生态空间存在不同程度的被挤占现象,2019年与2015年相比,河南黄河自然保护区自然生态空间总面积减少了4.82%;保护区内人类活动强度增加显著,种植土地总面积增加了3.94%,人工表面总面积增加了12.48%,人类活动影响成为保护区生态状况变化的主导驱动因素;保护区内露天采掘场斑块数量、面积大幅减少,矿产开发生态修复治理率不断提升,但生态破坏的现象依然存在.

Wetland is one of the three major ecosystems in the world. Wetland nature reserve along the Yellow River in Henan Province is an important part of wetland resources in China,which plays an important role in maintaining the diversity of ecosystem. Based on the World View remote sensing images of the United States in the summer of 2015 and 2019,the surface ecosystem coverage information was obtained by using a combination method of indoor analysis and interpretation with field investigation,and the change process of the ecological status of the wetland nature reserve along the Yellow River in Henan Province was analyzed. The study shows that the area of forest ecosystem and grassland ecosystem in the wetland nature reserve along the Yellow River in Henan has shrunk,and the natural ecological space has been occupied in different degrees. Compared with 2015,the total area of natural ecological space in the wetland nature reserve along the Yellow River in Henan Province has decreased by 4.82% in 2019. The intensity of human activities in the reserve has increased significantly,the total area of planting land has increased by 3.94%,and the total area of artificial surface has increased by 12.48%. The impact of human activities has become the dominant driving factor for the change of ecological status in the reserve. The patch number and area of open-pit mining field in the reserve have been greatly reduced,and the ecological restoration and treatment rate of mineral development has been continuously improved,but the phenomenon of ecological damage still exists.