张仲景临床试探性诊疗特色探微

Characteristics of ZHANG Zhong-jing's Clinical Exploratory Diagnosis and Treatment

张仲景遣方用药之精妙、临床配伍之严谨,其卓越之处不仅在于对药性及功用的深刻认识,更在于其对辨证论治、随证治之原则的精准把握。然人体五脏六腑、经络气血玄妙幽微,阴阳表里、寒热虚实错综复杂,若于脉证变化难极之际贸然用药,恐引邪深入,贻误病情。张仲景秉承客观理性的诊病态度,在病情疑似难辨、治疗难以决断时应用试探性诊疗,以辨病邪、病位、病性及病势,其试探性诊疗方法手段丰富,体现了其顾护脾胃之气、以和解法为贵、待时机而遣方、用药谨慎精简的思想,在明确诊断、优选用药及判断预后方面具有重要的临床意义。

ZHANG Zhong-jing'prescription and clinical compatibility lies not only in his profound understandings of drug properties and functions,but also in his precise grasp of the principles of syndrome differentiation and treatment.Mistreatment may be conducted if doctors do not pay attention to several criterial elements including the human body's five viscera,six bowels,meridian,Qi and blood,and other intricate factors such as Yin and Yang,exterior and interior,cold and heat,deficiency and excess of diseases.According to ZHANG Zhong-jing’s view,doctors are expected to identify the pathogenic factors,location,nature and severity of diseases rationally when it is suspiciously hard to distinguish and the treatment is difficult to determined.In addition,ZHANG Zhong-jing’s clinical exploratory diagnosis and treatment methods are rich,which embodies his thoughts of protecting the spleen and stomach,taking reconciliation as the most precious,giving prescriptions carefully at the appropriate time and realizing high-effective medication.Furthermore,this essay is beneficial for medical workers by providing a guideline for the confirming diagnosis,optimal medication and the judgment of prognosis.