中国城市影院空间扩张特征及影响因素

Spatial Expansion Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Cinemas in Chinese Cities

文章分析了2012—2018年中国地级及以上城市影院空间扩张特征,并运用空间计量模型探究影院空间扩张的影响因素。结果表明:①影院由集中分布于四大中心城市扩张到四大城市群,再向周边四、五线城市扩张,总体上呈现为“等级式”扩张模式。②国有院线影院数量远超民营,表现为“等级式”结合“邻近式”扩张模式,民营院线影院则表现为单一的“等级式”扩张。③票房前四的院线都采取了“等级式”扩张模式。除实力最强的万达院线采取单一“等级式”扩张之外,大地院线通过吸引加盟的方式跑马圈地,实现“邻近式”扩张;而上海联合和中影南方,则主攻一线城市,并扎根于总部所在城市群,采取“区域深耕式”扩张。④影院扩张受到收入水平、人口密度、互联网发展水平、受教育水平的正向影响;而空间溢出效应多为负,极化效应明显。

The article analyzes the spatial expansion characteristics of cinemas in prefecture-level cities from 2012 to2018, and explores the factors influencing of the spatial expansion of cinemas using spatial econometric models. The results show that: 1) Cinemas show a "hierarchical" expansion pattern, which means that cinemas concentrate in four major central cities at the beginning,and then cluster in four major urban agglomerations and the surrounding fourth and fifth-tier cities. 2) The number of state-owned cinemas far exceeded that of private cinemas, showing a "hierarchical " combined with "proximity" expansion mode, private cinemas show a single "hierarchical" expansion. 3) The top 4 box office cinemas have all adopted the "hierarchical" expansion mode. In addition to the strongest Wanda which adopts a single "hierarchical" expansion mode, Dadi achieved a "neighborhood" expansion by attracting franchises. While Shanghai United and China Film South both focused on first-tier cities and are rooted in the city cluster where their headquarters are located, adopted the expansion model of "deeper development in regional style". 4) The expansion of cinemas is positively influenced by income level,population density,Internet development level and education level,while the spatial spillover effect is mostly negative and polarization effect is obvious.