粮食生产环境技术效率的减贫效应及其作用机制

Poverty Reduction Effect and Its Mechanism of Environmental Technical Efficiency of Grain Production

采用环境方向距离函数和空间计量模型实证研究了2011—2016年江西省54个贫困县域粮食生产环境技术效率的特征及其对减贫的作用机制。结果表明:①研究区粮食生产环境技术效率均呈现上升趋势,但贫困人口和发生率加速下降,且在片区和非片区、国家贫困县和非国家贫困县、生态功能区和农产品主产区之间形成明显的区域差异。②粮食生产环境技术效率的减贫效应显著正向,且非片区、非国家贫困县或农产品主产区的脱贫效应明显高于片区、国家贫困县或生态功能区。③农民人均收入在粮食生产环境技术效率的减贫效应中发挥直接和间接作用,以保障粮食安全的直接脱贫为主,通过提高农民收入的间接脱贫发挥重要作用。在全面推进乡村振兴战略和共同富裕背景下,提高粮食生产环境技术效率,对破解当前农业面源污染问题、保障粮食安全及巩固脱贫成果具有重要现实意义。

The environmental directional distance function and spatial econometric model are used to empirically analyze the characteristics of environmental technical efficiency of grain production in Jiangxi planning areas(JXPA) including54 poverty-stricken counties and its mechanism for consolidating poverty alleviation achievements from 2011 to 2016.The results show that: 1) The environmental technical efficiency of grain production shows an upward trend in JXPA where the poverty population and its incidence rate rapidly decline, and there are obvious regional differences between contiguous destitute areas(CDA) and non-contiguous destitute areas(NDA), national poverty-stricken counties(NPC)and non-national poverty-stricken counties(NNPC), main agricultural production areas(APA) and ecological function areas(EFA). 2) The poverty alleviation effect of environmental technical efficiency of grain production in JXPA is significantly positive,and poverty alleviation effect in NDA,NNPC and APA is significantly higher than that in CDA,NPC and EFA. 3) The per capita income of farmers has direct and indirect effects on the poverty alleviation of the environmental technical efficiency of grain production, in which the direct poverty alleviation by ensuring the food security of farmers is the main factor,while the indirect poverty alleviation by increasing the income of farmers also plays an important role. In the context of comprehensively promoting the rural revitalization strategy and common prosperity,improving the environmental technical efficiency of the grain production has important practical significance for solving the current agricultural non-point source pollution,ensuring food security and consolidating the achievements of poverty alleviation.