韩国专科大学的演进历程与办学特点

The Evolution and Characteristics of South Korea’s Junior Colleges

专科大学是韩国高等教育体系的重要组成部分,与普通四年制大学共同搭建起韩国高等教育的二元结构。专科大学创立于20世纪70年代末,是在政府推动下由初级大学、专科学校等职业教育机构改编而成的高等职业教育机构;20世纪八九十年代,专科大学在诸多因素影响下得到快速发展,学校数量和招生规模急剧扩张,办学模式日趋成熟;20世纪90年代末以来,为应对一系列内外部挑战,专科大学持续开展了以“特性化”为核心特征的改革,办学水平和社会认可度显著提升。在40多年的发展过程中,专科大学形成了办学定位明确、学科设置科学、产学合作紧密、多元职能共存等显著特色。韩国专科大学的发展历程及其办学特征,对中国推动高等职业教育的高质量发展有着极为现实的借鉴价值。

Junior college are an important part of the higher education system in South Korea, which together with ordinary 4-year universities builds the dual structure of higher education in South Korea.Junior college, founded in the late 1970 s, are a higher vocational education institution promoted by the government, which are adapted from vocational education institutions such as junior universities and junior college.In the 1980 s and 1990 s, under the influence of many factors, junior colleges developed rapidly, the number of colleges and enrollment scale expanded rapidly, and the college-running mode became mature.Since the end of 1990 s, in order to cope with a series of internal and external challenges, junior colleges have continued to carry out the reform with “individuality” as the core feature, and their educational level and social recognition have been significantly improved.During its 40 years of development, the college has developed its distinctive features, such as clear orientation, scientific discipline setting, close cooperation between industry and college, and coexistence of multiple functions.The development process and characteristics of South Korea’s junior colleges have very practical reference value for promoting the high-quality development of higher vocational education in China.