心学视域下邹东廓“克己复礼”诠释及工夫论辨析

An Analysis of Zou Dongkuo’s Interpretation of“Denying Self and Returning to Propriety”and Gongfu Theory from Psychological Perspective

邹东廓学术承继王学传统而来,向来以“戒慎恐惧说”为学界所熟知,其对《论语·颜渊》“克己复礼为仁”这一命题的诠解也彰显出浓厚的心学色彩。从诠释路径看,邹东廓延续“即本体言礼”的心学传统,紧扣良知本体,将“无欲”“主敬”等工夫收摄于“戒惧”二字,开出“克己复礼”即“修己以敬”的心学解释路径;在此基础上其工夫论也将“去欲而全其本体”的心学工夫作为特色贯穿始终。从哲学史层面看,邹东廓这种以“心学本体”为筌蹄,以“复归本我之心”为鹄的,主张“克去己私”“修己以敬”的工夫论诠解方式,有别于理学以私欲解己的诠释路线,对当时学界“竞谈玄虚”之风也有一定扭转意义,在凸显良知心体作为道德实践主体地位的同时,使“克己复礼”这一命题在心学的视域下得到别开生面的新解释。

Zou Dongkuo’s academic thoughts inherited the theory of Wang Yangming who has always been well known for his theory of“Caution and Fear”,and his interpretation of the proposition of“denying self and returning to propriety is perfect virtue”in“Yan Yuan”of The Analects of Confucius was also full of psychological characteristics.From the perspective of interpretation path,Zou Dongkuo continued the tradition of psychology to“explain rites through ontology”.Closely adhering to the noumenon of conscience,he attributed“no desire”and“Lord respect”to“Caution and Fear”,and then put forward a psychological interpretation path that“denying self and returning to propriety”was“self-cultivation and respect”.On this basis,Zou Dongkuo’s Gongfu Theory also emphasized the“elimination of desires to perfect his noumenon”,which ran throughout his whole academic system.From the perspective of philosophical history,Zou Dongkuo’s Gongfu interpretation methods that takes“psychological noumenon”as the means to achieve goals and“returning to the natural conscience”as the aim,and advocates“abandoning selfish personal interests”and“self-cultivation and respect”,were not only different from the interpretation line of Neo Confucianism,but also in some sense reversed the trend of“competing to talk about metaphysics”among scholars at that time.More importantly,Zou Dongkuo not only highlighted the moral subject status of the conscience and heart,but also developed a new explanation of“denying self and returning to propriety”from the perspective of psychology.