变化环境下玛纳斯河流域绿洲区地下水位变化特征及影响因素分析

Variation Characteristics of Groundwater Level and Influencing Factors in Manas River Basin

地下水作为水循环的重要环节,变化环境下其补给、径流和排泄条件发生改变,影响着干旱区水安全和生态环境维系。以西北典型内陆河玛纳斯河流域为研究区,采用衬度系数方差分析法分析了绿洲区地下水位空间分布及变幅特征,阐明了变化环境下玛纳斯河流域地下水位变化主要影响因素。研究结果表明:①2012—2019年地下水水位呈先下降后上升而后再趋于逐年波动、小幅下降的趋势,下降趋势逐渐变缓;②地下水位年内变化为3、4月到8、9月波动下降,8、9月到来年3、4月水位有所回升,年内变幅0.29~19.05 m;③人为因素对地下水水位具有显著的影响,主要表现在流域土地利用变化和用水量变化。研究结果可以为玛纳斯河流域地下水资源合理开发与管理提供科学依据。

Groundwater plays an important role in the water cycle,and the change in its supply,runoff,and discharge under changing environments affects the water safety and the maintenance of the terrestrial ecosystem in arid areas.Taking the Manas River Basin,a typical inland river in Northwest China,as the study area,this paper uses the variance analysis of contrast coefficient to analyze the spatial distribution and variation characteristic of groundwater level and determines the main influencing factors in Manas River Basin.The results show the following:①From 2012 to 2019,the groundwater level falls first and then goes up,followed by gradually downward fluctuation,and the declining trend becomes gentle.②The groundwater level fluctuates downward from March or April to August or September and then rises to next March or April with the variation range of 0.29~19.05 m.③The anthropogenic factor has a significant impact on groundwater level,mainly manifested in the change of land use and water consumption in the basin.The research results can provide a scientific basis for the rational development and management of groundwater resources in the Manas River Basin.