崇左金花茶杂交及自交育种试验

Experiment of Hybridization and Self-compatibility in Camellia chuongtsoensis

为获得崇左金花茶新种质,以7种山茶属植物(Camellia)和1种核果茶属(Pyrenaria)植物为试材,采用常规杂交育种方法,共设计13个杂交组合和1个自交组合,开展崇左金花茶杂交及自交亲和性和杂种生长试验。结果显示:13个杂交组合和1个自交组合中,有12个杂交组合和1个自交组合结实,结实率在6.25%~30.77%之间;杂交果成熟期更接近母本果实成熟期;综合分析杂种饱满种子占比、出苗率、出苗数与授粉花数之比、F_(1)代移栽半年后苗高、地径与父本(母本)的显著性差异及正增长幅度,有3个组合的育种效率较高,目前幼苗已正常培育,其后期表现有待进一步观测研究。通过组合亲本,获得具有特异性状的崇左金花茶新种质是可行的。

In order to obtain the new germplasm of Camellia chuongtsoensis,we used 7 species of Camellia and 1 species of Pyrenaria as test materials,and adopted conventional cross breeding methods,a total of 13 hybrid combinations and 1 inbred combination were designed to carry out C.chuongtsoensis hybridization and self-compatibility and hybrid growth test.The results showed that among the 13 hybrid combinations and 1 self-bred combination,there were 12 hybrid combinations and 1 self-bred combination,and the seed setting rate was between 6.25%and 30.77%.The maturity period of the hybrid fruit was closer to the maturity period of the female parent.Comprehensive analysis of the proportion of full seeds in hybrids,the emergence rate,the ratio of the number of seedlings to the number of pollinated flowers,the significant difference between the seedling height,the ground diameter and the male parent(female parent)and the positive growth rate of the F_(1) generation after half a year of transplanting.There were 3 combinations with higher breeding efficiency,and the seedlings have been cultivated normally at present,and their later performance needs to be further observed and studied.It was feasible to obtain new germplasm of C.chuongtsoensis with specific traits by combining the parents.