植食性动物与植物互作关系研究进展

Research Progress on the Interactions between Herbivores and Plants

在自然生态系统中,动物与植物相互作用、相互影响、协同进化,构成了生态系统的重要组成部分和生态过程,探讨并揭示动植物互作关系有助于制定野生动植物保护的科学对策。本文从动物与植物两个方面综述了植食性动物与植物的互作关系,并重点论述了植物次生代谢物对这种互作关系的影响。植物对植食性动物的主要作用是为植食性动物提供营养和栖息场所,而植食性动物对植物的影响具有正向和反向两方面。一方面,植物对植食性动物的啃食会产生物理和化学防御机制;另一方面,针对植物的防御策略动物会在生理和行为上产生反防御机制。以往研究证明,在植食性动植物互作关系研究中,植物次生代谢物可作为重要切入点,植物次生代谢物可影响动物对植物的啃食,也会影响动物生理,从而达到植物自身的防御目的。从目前国内外已有的研究看,有关植食性动植物互作关系的研究大都集中在一些小型植食性动物,对大型植食性动物的研究相对较少;植物次生代谢物对大型植食性动物的生理造成的影响、危害等研究也相对较少;化学防御行为产生的诱导因子目前尚未明确,产生过程相对复杂。总之,植食性动物与植物互作关系的研究切入点较多,并具有很高的理论和实践指导意义。

In natural ecosystems,herbivores and plants interact,influence and co-evolve.They form an important part of the ecosystem and ecological processes.Exploring and revealing plants and herbivores interactions can help develop scientific responses for wildlife conservation.This paper provides an overview of the interactions between herbivores and plants,starting from the two aspects respectively,and focuses on the effects of plant secondary metabolites on such interactions.The main effect of plants on herbivore is to provide nutrition and habitat for herbivores,while the effect of herbivores on plants has both positive and negative aspects.On the one hand,plants generate physical and chemical defense mechanisms against browsing by herbivores,and on the other,herbivore respond to plant defense strategies generate physiological and behavioral counter-defense mechanisms.In the study of plant-herbivore interactions,plant secondary metabolites can be an important entry point.Previous studies have demonstrated that plant secondary metabolites can affect the browsing of plants by herbivores and can also affect the physiology of herbivores,thus achieving the plants’own defense purpose.From the existing studies,most of the studies on plant-herbivore interactions have focused on small herbivores,and relatively few studies have been conducted on large herbivores.There are also relatively few studies on the effects and damage caused by plant secondary metabolites on the physiology of large herbivores.The inducing factors for the generation of chemical defense behavior are not yet clear,and the generation process is relatively complex.In conclusion,the study of plant-herbivore interactions,especially the role of plant secondary metabolites on their effects,has more entry points and is highly relevant for theoretical and practical guidance.