水生态修复植物生物活性评价与应用

Evaluation and Application of the Bioactivity of Aquatic Plant in Water Purification and Ecological Restoration

水生植物生物活性在水质净化的过程中发挥着重要的增效作用,是水生植物水质净化与生态修复优选的重要指标。文章从水生植物的泌氧能力、微生物附着生长能力和抑藻能力3方面分析了生物活性在水生态修复中的重要作用,评价了不同水生植物的生物活性,并探讨了其在生态修复中的应用。结果表明,水生植物对水中氮和有机污染物去除率与泌氧能力和附着微生物量呈正相关性,当水质净化主要目标污染物为氮和有机物时,可优先选用泌氧能力强、微生物附着生长能力优的水生植物进行净化,如沉水植物中菹草、挺水植物中香蒲、灯芯草、美人蕉、泽苔草、旱伞草等。而水生植物的抑藻作用可降低藻类密度,提升水体透明度。金鱼藻、穗花狐尾藻、马来眼子菜、凤眼莲、芦苇、菖蒲中的化感物质相对丰富且可抑制的藻种较多,可作为以抑藻为目标的水质提升与生态修复项目优选种类。通过对水生植物生物活性的研究和分析,以期为优选生态修复水生植物提供理论基础。

The bioactivity of aquatic plants,an important index for water purification and ecological restoration,plays an important role in the process of water purification.In this paper,the abilities of secreting oxygen,supporting microorganism and inhibiting algae of aquatic plants are summarized to analyze how important bioactivity is in ecological restoration.Additionally,the difference between the bioactivity of aquatic plants is evaluated,and the application about bioactivity is also discussed.The results showed that positive correlation exists between the oxygen secretion capacity and attached microbial biomass of aquatic plants and its removal capacity of pollutants such as nitrogen and organic contaminant.Aquatic plants with strong oxygen secretion ability and numerous microbial attachments should be preferred when the main target pollutants are nitrogen and organic matter,such as Potamogeton crispus,Typha orientalis,Juncus effusus,Canna indica,Caldesia parnassifolia,Cyperus alternifolius,etc.The algae inhibition of aquatic plants is helpful to the transparency of water.Lot of algae species could be inhibited by Ceratophyllum demersum,Myriophyllum spicatum,Potamogeton malaianus,Eichhornia crassipes,Phragmites australis and Acorus calamus,which exudate relatively more allelochemicals.First priority could be given to these plants when facing the challenge of inhibiting algae in water purification.This study can provide a theoretical basis for the optimization of aquatic plants in ecological restoration.