要素错配的马克思主义政治经济学分析

The Marxist Political Economics Analysis of Misallocation

不同于西方经济学对要素错配的分析,以马克思政治经济学为出发点,重新阐释要素错配理论逻辑,解释要素错配对社会经济发展不平衡影响的作用机理,并在此基础上揭示中国特色社会主义市场经济体制下要素错配界定、形成及其表现。主流经济学对要素错配的阐释过于狭隘,仅仅依靠市场并不能实现要素的最优配置,单纯的市场经济同样会产生要素错配。要素错配作为资本主义制度下特定生产关系的产物,在经济发展传导机制中发挥中介作用。一方面,资本主义制度下以资本为逻辑的生产往往驱使生产要素打破经济平衡状态,产生要素错配;另一方面,要素错配将嵌入社会再生产环节之中,通过作用于生产过程影响经济的平衡发展。新时代中国特色社会主义市场经济条件下的要素错配的界定具有双重规定性。因此,要素错配的解决一方面依赖于构建政府与市场良性互动机制,实现两者的优势互补,另一方面需要破除制度性壁垒,为要素自由流动提供制度保障。

Different from the analysis of misallocation in western economics,this paper reinterprets the logic of the theory of misallocation based on the perspective of Marx’s political economics theory,and explains the mechanism of misallocation impact on the imbalance of economic development.Based on this,we reveal the definiton,formation and performance of misallocation under the socialist market economy system with Chinese characteristics.This paper believes that the interpretation of mainstream economics of misallocation is too narrow.Market cannot achieve the optimal allocation of factors.A pure market economy will also produce misallocation.Misallocation is the product of specific relations of production under the capitalist system,plays an intermediary role in the transmission mechanism of economic development.On the one hand,production based on capital logic under the capitalist system often drives factors of production to break the economic equilibrium and lead to misallocation.On the other hand,misallocation will be embedded in the social reproduction link,which will cause the imbalanced development of economy through the production process.The definiton of the misallocation under the conditions of the socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics in the new era is dually prescribed.Therefore,the solution of misallocation depends on the construction of a benign interaction between the government and the market to achieve the complementary advantages of the two;on the other hand,it is necessary to break down institutional barriers and provide institutional guarantees for the free flow of factors.