隐孢子虫感染调控上皮细胞凋亡研究进展

Research progress of regulation of apoptosis of epithelial cells by Cryptosporidium infection

隐孢子虫是一种人兽共患寄生性原虫,其致病机理及宿主防御机制尚不完全清楚。凋亡是宿主细胞抵抗隐孢子虫感染的重要防御机制之一,宿主细胞通过细胞凋亡防御隐孢子虫感染,而隐孢子虫则抑制宿主细胞凋亡以促进虫体发育。目前已知的参与隐孢子虫调控细胞凋亡的因子主要有Caspase家族、microRNAs、B7-H1基因、凋亡抑制蛋白(IAPs)、表皮生长因子(EGF)、TAT蛋白等;隐孢子虫调控上皮细胞凋亡通路包括外源性通路(Fas/FasL,TRAI/TRAIL)和内源性通路(线粒体通路)。文章综述了隐孢子虫感染调控上皮细胞凋亡的研究进展,以期为设计和开发抗隐孢子虫病的疫苗和药物提供新的理论依据和策略。

Cryptosporidium is a zoonotic parasite. The pathogenesis of Cryptosporidium and the regulatory mechanism of host defense against Cryptosporidium are not fully understood. Apoptosis is one of the important defense mechanisms of host cells against Cryptosporidium infection. Host cell defends Cryptosporidium infection through apoptosis, while Cryptosporidium promotes parasite development by inhibiting apoptosis. At present, Caspases, microRNAs, B7-H1, inhibitor of apoptosis proteins(IAPs), epidermal growth factor(EGF) and TAT were known to be involved in regulating apoptosis in Cryptosporidium. Cryptosporidium regulates epithelial cell apoptosis through two pathways namely exogenous pathways(Fas/FasL, TRAI/TRAIL) and endogenous pathways(mitochondrial pathway). In this review, the research progress of Cryptosporidium infection regulating apoptosis of epithelial cells was reviewed in order to provide new theoretical basis and strategies for the design and development of anti-cryptosporidiosis vaccine and drugs.