白色脂肪棕色化及其与疾病的相关性研究进展

Research progress on browning of white adipose and its correlation with diseases

脂肪组织主要包括白色脂肪组织和棕色脂肪组织。白色脂肪组织的主要功能是储存能量,棕色脂肪组织的主要功能是产热耗能。白色脂肪棕色化的信号通路复杂多样,其相关的转录因子有过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体(peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, PPARs)、PR结构域蛋白16(PR domain containing 16, PRDM16)和过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ辅助激活因子-1α(peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1α, PGC-1α),同时也受骨形态发生蛋白(bone morphogenetic proteins, BMPs)和鸢尾素(irisin)的调节。白色脂肪棕色化能够激活米色细胞,增加机体的产热耗能,是治疗肥胖、胰岛素抵抗、脂肪肝、心脑血管疾病等的新方向。然而,白色脂肪棕色化是一把双刃剑,可能引起动脉粥样硬化、恶病质和肝脂肪变性等多种疾病。因此,文章对白色脂肪棕色化的调控因素、信号通路及其对疾病的影响进行综述,以期为发挥白色脂肪棕色化的优势、减少其对机体的消极作用提供参考。

Adipose tissue mainly includes white adipose tissue and brown adipose tissue. The main function of white adipose tissue is to store energy, while the main function of brown adipose tissue is to generate heat and consume energy. The signaling pathways of white adipose browning are complex and diverse, and the related transcription factors include peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors(PPARs), PR domain containing 16(PRDM16) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1α(PGC-1α), which are also regulated by bone morphogenetic proteins(BMPs) and irisin. Browning of white adipose can activate beige cells and increase the body’s heat production and energy consumption, which is a new direction for the treatment of obesity, insulin resistance, fatty liver, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and other diseases. However, white adipose browning is a double-edged sword, which may cause a variety of diseases, including atherosclerosis, cachexia and hepatic steatosis. Therefore, this paper reviewed the regulatory factors, signaling pathways and their effects on diseases of white adipose browning, in order to provide reference for bringing into play the advantages of white adipose browning and reducing its negative effects on the body.