奶牛A1/A2-β-酪蛋白等位基因型检测方法研究进展

Study on detection method of A1/A2-beta-casein allele in dairy cows

奶牛A1/A2-β-酪蛋白等位基因型决定了其所产牛奶的类型。A2奶的成分因更接近母乳广受市场欢迎。A1/A2-β-酪蛋白等位基因分型检测在A2基因型奶牛分群饲养、选育及交易等过程中具有重要作用,对A2奶牛养殖具有重要意义。文章就目前已报道的用于鉴别奶牛A1/A2等位基因型的聚合酶链式反应-限制性酶切片段多态性(PCR-RFLP)、等位基因特异性PCR(AS-PCR)、TaqMan探针法、rhAmp法和高分辨率熔解曲线分析法(HRM分析法)进行总结,分析各种方法的优劣势及适用性,旨在为奶牛A1/A2等位基因型鉴别方法的选择和新方法的研发提供科学依据和理论参考。

The A1/A2-β-casein allele of dairy cows determines the type of milk they produce. A2 milk is popular because it is more similar to breast milk. The detection of A1/A2-β-casein allele plays an important role in the grouping feeding,breeding and trading of A2 dairy cows,and it is of great significance to the breeding of A2 dairy cows. In this paper,the reported methods of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment polymorphism( PCR-RFLP),allele-specific PCR( AS-PCR),TaqMan probe,rhAmp and high-resolution melting curve analysis( HRM) for the identification of A1/A2 alleles in dairy cows were summarized. The advantages,disadvantages and applicability of these methods were analyzed in order to provide scientific basis and theoretical reference for the selection of A1/A2 allele genotype identification methods and the promotion of the research and development of new methods.