围生期麻醉相关用药的胎盘转移及乳汁分泌研究进展

Research progress of placental transfer and milk secretion of perinatal anesthesia‑related drugs

产科麻醉安全用药涉及的重要因素包括药物胎盘转移及新生儿药物代谢,几乎所有的药物均可一定程度上透过胎盘并在胎儿体内达到一定的浓度。因此,了解胎盘转移的基本过程和机制对麻醉用药在满足手术要求和对产妇及新生儿影响最小之间达到平衡具有重要的临床意义。文章主要描述了影响药物胎盘转移的相关因素,临床相关麻醉用药对产妇及新生儿的影响,并对产后乳汁分泌的影响进行讨论,为更合理地选择产科麻醉相关药物提供理论依据。产科麻醉用药的安全性仍需进一步研究和探索,以降低术后不良反应的发生率。

The critical factors related to the safety of obstetric anesthetics include placental drug transfer and neonatal drug metabolism.Almost all drugs can pass through the placenta to a certain extent and reach a particular concentration in the fetus.There‑fore,it is of great clinical significance to understand the basic process and mechanism of placental transfer to balance fulfilling the ce‑sarean section requirement and minimizing the impact on the neonates.This review article describes the related factors affecting the placental transfer of drugs and the effects of clinically relevant anesthesia drugs on mothers and neonates and discusses the influence of milk secretion after delivery.These can provide a theoretical basis for a more rational selection of obstetric anesthesia‑related drugs.The safety of obstetric anesthesia still needs further research and exploration to reduce postoperative adverse effects.