疫情常态化期间儿童青少年心理健康变化的风险及保护因素研究

Risk and protective factors of mental health changes of children and adolescents during epidemic normalization

目的 探讨疫情常态化期间儿童青少年心理健康变化的风险及保护因素,为儿童青少年的心理建设提供参考。方法 2021年5月8日~15日采取问卷星的形式对400名6~18周岁的儿童青少年进行心理健康状况调查,在线填写一般资料,并填写长处和困难量表(Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, SDQ),经单因素分析后,将具有统计学差异的指标进行logistic回归分析,进而考察其相关影响因素。结果 共发放问卷400份,收回有效问卷355份,问卷有效率为88.75%;355例有效问卷中,SDQ整体评分为(18.76±2.13)分。SDQ评分≥22分63名(17.74%),<22分为292名(82.26%)。共检出心理健康有问题的儿童青少年为63例,检出率为17.74%;性别、年龄、父母焦虑、单亲家庭、隔代抚养儿童及体育锻炼为影响儿童青少年心理健康问题的单因素;logistic回归分析显示年龄(OR=2.203,95%CI=1.31~13.46,P<0.01)、性别(OR=3.179,95%CI=1.46~17.25,P<0.01)、单亲家庭(OR=3.852,95%CI=2.18~15.32,P<0.01)及隔代抚养儿童(OR=2.836,95%CI=1.55~20.78,P<0.01)为儿童青少年心理健康问题的独立危险因素。结论 疫情常态化期间儿童青少年心理健康问题发病率较高,普遍存在孤独、失落、烦躁不安等心理问题,家庭及社会应积极采取相应的干预措施,对于年龄较小、单亲、女孩、隔代抚养儿童应重点关注,给予更多的关心及爱护,做好心理建设工作,进而促进儿童青少年健康成长。

Objective To explore the risk and protective factors of mental health changes of children and adolescents during the normalization of epidemic situation, so as to provide reference for mental construction of children and adolescents.Methods From May 8 to 15, 2021, totally 400 children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 were investigated in the form of questionnaire stars. The general data were filled in online, and the scores of the strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire(SDQ) were evaluated. After univariate analysis, the indexes with statistical differences were analyzed by logistic regression, Then investigate its related influencing factors.Results A total of 400 questionnaires were distributed, and 355 valid questionnaires were recovered. The effective rate of the questionnaire was 88.75%;In 355 valid questionnaires, the overall score of SDQ was(18.76±2.13). 63 children(17.74%) had SDQ scores≥ 22 and 292 children(82.26%) had SDQ scores<22. A total of 63 children and adolescents with mental health problems were detected, and the detection rate was 17.74%;Gender, age, parental anxiety, single parent families, left behind children and physical exercise were the single factors affecting the mental health of children and adolescents;Logistic regression analysis showed that age(OR=2.203, 95% CI=1.31~13.46, P<0.01), gender(OR=3.179, 95% CI=1.46~17.25, P<0.01), single parent family(OR=3.852, 95% CI=2.18~15.32, P<0.01) and left behind children(OR=2.836, 95% CI=1.55~20.78, P<0.01) were independent risk factors for mental health problems of children and adolescents.Conclusion The incidence rate of left to child mental health problems is high during the normalization of epidemic situation. There are psychological problems such as loneliness, loss, irritability and so on. Families and society should take corresponding intervention measures. For younger, single parent, girl and left behind children, they should pay more attention and care, and do psychological work well. So as to promote the healthy growth of children and adolescents.