论认罪认罚从宽制度中认罪供述的撤回——以证据排除为视角

Withdrawal of Guilty Plea in Leniency System for Admitting Guilt and Accepting Punishment:From the Perspective of Evidence Exclusion

认罪认罚从宽制度的相关文件中明确规定了被追诉人对认罪认罚的反悔和撤回,但是对认罪供述的撤回及其效果未作说明。实践中,各地的做法也存在差异。从证据法学的角度看,对认罪供述的排除就是对其撤回的认可。在认罪认罚从宽制度中,认罪供述具有刑事证据的鲜明属性,是一种附条件的自白。被追诉人撤回认罪认罚后,认罪供述应当被排除。被追诉人的撤回使得继续采纳认罪供述进行事实认定的错误风险骤增;并且出于对维护司法契约精神、保障被追诉人基本权利和保护信赖利益等公共价值的追求,排除认罪供述十分必要。为实现认罪供述撤回的有效性,应当构建认罪供述的撤回机制,进一步明确撤回效果,规范撤回程序,制定排除规则。

Issuing the Guiding Opinions on the Application of the Leniency System for Admitting Guilt and Accepting Punishment clearly stipulates the withdrawal of admission and acceptance,but there is no explanation on the withdrawal of guilty plea and its effect.In practice,attitudes for that vary from place to place.From the perspective of evidence law,the exclusion of guilty plea is equivalent to the withdrawal.Guilty plea has the distinct attribute of criminal evidence and is a conditional confession.After the accused withdraws his admission and acceptance,the guilty plea should be excluded.If the guilty plea is admitted,the risk of finding fact will increase greatly.It is necessary to exclude the guilty plea because of the judicial contract maintenance,the need for self-defense,and the protection of expectation.In order to achieve the effectiveness of withdrawal,we should construct the withdrawal mechanism of guilty plea,further clarify the effect of withdrawal,improve the withdrawal procedure,and formulate evidence exclusion rules.