莎剧来源研究史回顾与思考:以传奇剧为例

The Reviewing and Thinking on History of Shakespeare-plays’ Source-study:Taking Romances as an Example

莎剧来源研究肇始于18世纪中叶,已有近三个世纪的发展历程。在传奇剧研究领域,不同时期西方学者对莎剧素材来源予以不断的挖掘与钩沉,已详尽地搜集、甄别并输出多部文本来源文献。与此同时,学者们对学界长期来源争鸣予以回应,竭力厘清了文本来源脉络,成就显著。然而,已有成果在来源研究维度与深度上尚有不足,主要表现在研究维度单一与缺乏差异追问两个方面。笔者在思考路径上,一则拓展文本来源研究维度,兼顾社会、舞台与口传因素,探求莎剧来源全貌;二则聚焦本源文本差异,统筹人工细读与智能应用,深度解析创作动机。据此增强来源研究发展后劲,赢得发展前景,对“莎士比亚何以成为莎士比亚”予以客观研究,并借以启发自身的文化熔铸。

The source-study on Shakespeare’s plays consciously started in the middle of the 18 th century,which has gone through nearly three centuries of development process.Reviewing the history of study,western scholars of different periods in the field have been constantly digging and exploring the sources of Shakespeare’s plays and exhaustively collect,discriminate and output a number of text-source literature,taking the source-study on the romances as an example.Meanwhile,they respond to the long-standing academic debate and do their best to be clear about the sources,which is remarkable.However,there are still some deficiencies in the research dimension and depth,mainly manifesting in two aspects:single dimension and lack of difference-inquiry.The solution is that,one is to expand the dimension,taking into account the factors of society,stage and oral communication and the other is to focus on the differences between sources and Shakespeare’s plays,coordinating close-reading and intelligent application,presenting the similarities and differences of them efficiently and quickly.According to the solution above,it will bolster the momentum of development,win the prospect,and finally establish objective and fair evaluation on Shakespeare,which inspires our own cultural integration.