天津市残疾人社会空间分异

Socio-spatial Structure and Differentiation of Disabled People in Tianjin City

作为典型的弱势群体,残疾人伴随着社会发展逐步出现社会空间分异。以天津市35万持证残疾人为研究对象,利用社会区因子生态分析方法分析其社会经济特征,研究街道尺度下残疾人的社会空间分异特征,以期为预防残疾发生和残疾人政策的制定提供科学依据和决策支持。结果表明:(1)天津市残疾人社会区主因子包括非正规就业残疾人、城市老年残疾人、未成年残疾人、受婚姻挤压的残疾人和低收入残疾人;(2)依据主因子的聚类分析进一步得到社会区类型,包括残疾老龄化区域、城镇化过渡区域、就业导向聚居区域、残疾低发区域、低经济水平区域、残疾低龄化区域和婚姻挤压区域,其空间分布呈现明显的城乡圈层差异;(3)城乡差异、人口老龄化、婚姻挤压和就业福利等因素,均有助于进一步阐释空间分异的机制。

As a typical vulnerable group,socio-spatial distribution of disabled people is affected by the process of social development.Based on the socio-economic characteristic of Tianjin 350000 certificated disabled people,this paper using factor analysis method explores the socio-spatial differentiation of disabled people.The research shows that:(1)The five main factors of disabled social area in Tianjin include informal employee,elderly,minors,marriage squeezed people,congenital disability;(2)There are 7 types of social area:population aging region,urbanization transition region,employment oriented region for the disabled,disability low-prevalence area,congenital disability high-prevalence area,disability juvenilization area and marriage squeeze region,and their distribution shows obvious urban-rural gap;(3)The development process of urbanization,industrialization,aging,household registration system,marriage squeeze and other social factors can explain the spatial differentiation mechanism.