日本“行疫神”来源考略

A Study on the Origin of the Japanese "Gyouyakujin"

平安初期伴随着唐代密宗的东传,鬼神“行疫”的观念以及“行疫神”传入日本,最初体现在密教典籍中,平安中期之后“行疫神”开始广泛出现在寺院文书、佛教说话集以及祈请文中。“行疫神”源于鬼神“行疫”的观念,这种观念最早形成于中国道教思想,并在唐代被密宗所接受。本文通过对“行疫神”在日本形成和发展过程的梳理,分析了唐代密宗中鬼神“行疫”疫病观对日本“行疫神”的直接影响,以及道教鬼神“行疫”观对其间接性的影响。

With the spread of Esoteric Buddhism in the Tang dynasty and the early period of Ping’an,the concept of "gyouyaku" and "Gyouyakujin" were introduced into Japan,which were initially reflected in the tantric classics.After the middle period of Ping’an,the "Gyouyakujin" began to appear widely in Temple documents,Buddhist speech collections and prayer texts."Gyouyakujin" originated from the concept of "gyouyaku".This concept was first formed in Chinese Taoism and was accepted by Tantrism in the Tang dynasty.Based on an analysis of the formation and development of the "Gyouyakujin" in Japan,this paper analyzes the direct influence of the epidemic view of "gyouyaku" in the Tantra of the Tang dynasty on the "Gyouyakujin" in Japan,and the indirect influence of the Taoist concept of "gyouoyaku" on it.