历代医家对中医老年饮食养生的理论认知探析

Theoretical Cognition of Past Dynasties Doctors on Diet and Health Preservation of Elderly in Chinese Medicine

中医饮食养生在老年人延年益寿、防病治病方面发挥着独特作用。基于自《黄帝内经》以降历代医学文献中的老年饮食养生内容,探讨中医老年饮食养生的理论认知原则与方法,并得出结论食物具有性味归经,从而发挥着补益脏腑气血和祛邪的作用,是老年人的“安身之本”;老年饮食养生应基于老年人脏腑亏虚、多病相兼的生理特点,发挥饮食“养”和“治”的特性,遵循食饮有节(洁)的原则,注意脾胃升降有度,食宜温热制宜软烂,以期为现代老年养生实践提供借鉴。

Diet and health preservation of traditional Chinese medicine plays a unique role in prolonging life and preventing and treating diseases in the elderly.Based on the medical literature of past dynasties,the theory,rules and methods of diet and health preservation of eldly were discussed,with a view to guiding the practice of health preservation of elderly today.It turns out that food has its nature,flavour and channel tropism,and has the ability of enriching Qi and blood of Zang-fu viscera and eliminating pathogenic factors,so it is the foundation for the elderly to maintain health.Diet and health preservation of elderly should be based on the physiological characteristics of the aged,which are having deficient Zang-fu viscera and suffering from multiple diseases at the same time,and give full play to the“nourishing”and“treating”effects of food.The diet for the elderly should follow the principles of moderation and cleanliness,pay attention to keeping normal functions of ascending and descending of the spleen and stomach,and the food should be served warm and soft.