先天性视盘凹陷性异常的临床特征与治疗研究进展

Review of clinical features and treatment of congenital cavitary optic disc anomalies

先天性视盘凹陷性异常(congenital cavitary optic disc anomalies,CCODA)是一类造成视力损害的先天性眼部发育异常性疾病,主要包括牵牛花综合征、视盘缺损、视盘小凹和盘周葡萄肿。这类视盘异常临床表现较为相似,准确鉴别诊断常被忽视。CCODA常合并屈光不正、黄斑病变及视网膜脱离,可严重威胁视功能。治疗方法主要包括配镜及弱视训练、视网膜激光光凝术、玻璃体切除术等。该文就CCODA的流行病学特征、发病机制、眼部特征、全身系统性异常、鉴别诊断以及治疗方法的最新进展作一综述。

Congenital cavitary optic disc anomalies(CCODA)are a group of congenital developmental abnormalities of the eye,which can cause visual impairment.CCODA mainly include morning glory syndrome(MGS),optic nerve coloboma(ONC),optic disc pit(ODP),and peripapillary staphyloma(PS).Clinical features of these abnormalities are similar,and thus accurate differential diagnosis is easily neglected.CCODA can be associated with ametropia,maculopathy and retinal detachment,leading to severer damage to visual function.This paper reviews the latest progresses in the demographic features,pathogenesis,ocular features,systemic abnormalities,differential diagnosis and treatment of CCODA.