循序渐进推动“租购同权”的政策研究

Policy Research of Giving Tenants Equal Rights to Public Services as Homeowners Progressively

“租购同权”是促进租赁市场发展、构建租购并举住房制度的重要支撑条件。“租购同权”的内涵包括适当居住权和基本市民权。制约“租购同权”发展的核心问题是城市公共服务资源供给难以充分满足居民日益增长的需求,尤其是与“学区”紧密联系的优质教育资源供给存在明显短缺。在基本公共教育方面,租购住房之间的差异已经超越户籍,成为优先级更高的排序影响因素。“租购同权”的发展应该遵循循序渐进的原则,分类型、分层次有序推进,从单项、基本同权逐步向实现多项、全面同权迈进。由于“租购同权”涉及多种公共资源的分配,必须推动户籍、教育、医疗等多部门的联动合作,进行整体性、系统性的体制机制改革。

Giving tenants equal rights to public services as homeowners is extremely supportive for promoting the rental market that encourages both renting and housing purchase. The biggest restriction is inadequate supply of basic public services for people’s ever-growing demands, especially the severe supply shortage of elite schools which derives the school catchment area. In terms of basic public education, differences in property ownership have become a ranking factor of higher priority than“hukou”. Giving tenants equal rights to public services as homeowners should be promoted progressively according to the types and levels of the rights, and step by step from granting single and basic rights to multiple and comprehensive rights. Since the process involves various public sectors, it is necessary to collaborate with different government departments including household registration, education and medical care in order to carry out an overall and systematic mechanism reform.