金属矿山深部矿体卸压爆破开采技术

Pressure Relief Blasting Mining Technology for Deep Ore Bodies in Metal Mines

进行深部矿体开采时,由于矿体埋藏深、地应力大,开挖后容易发生岩爆现象。因此金属矿山深部矿体开采作业必须要应用卸压爆破技术,提高开采作业的效率性和安全性。本文首先概述了卸压爆破的破坏机理、影响因素,以及爆破应力波的传播规律。随后以某深部矿区为例,介绍了3种卸压爆破方案,并通过三维数值计算模拟对不同方案的开采效果进行了横向对比。结果表明,采用从下盘向上盘方向回采,在工作面两侧进行卸压爆破,可以使各方向工作面的应力明显降低,应力集中区的位置向深部矿体转移,为安全回采提供了保障。

When mining deep ore bodies,rock bursts are prone to occur after excavation due to the deep burial of the ore bodies and the large in-situ stress.Therefore,the mining operation of deep ore bodies in metal mines must apply pressure relief blasting technology to improve the efficiency and safety of mining operations.This paper firstly summarizes the failure mechanism,influencing factors and propagation law of blasting stress wave in pressure relief blasting.Then,taking a deep mining area as an example,three pressure relief blasting schemes are introduced,and the mining effects of different schemes are compared horizontally through three-dimensional numerical simulation.The results show that mining from the bottom wall to the top wall and performing pressure relief blasting on both sides of the working face can significantly reduce the stress of the working face in all directions,and the position of the stress concentration area is transferred to the deep ore body,which provides a guarantee for safe mining.