共同犯罪分案审理问题研究

Research on the Separate Trials of Joint Offence

共同犯罪以并案审理为原则,分案审理为例外。长期以来,我国理论界和实务界对于共同犯罪分案审理缺乏关注,理论研究基础薄弱,制度规范供给不足。从实践看,共同犯罪分案审理经历了一个从被动分案审理到主动分案审理的转变;从规范看,则经历了一个从特殊规范到一般规范的演变。《2021年刑诉法解释》首次明确了共同犯罪分案审理的一般规范,但仍存在规范目的不足、案件范围不明、具体程序欠缺等问题,无法解决实践中分案范围随意化、分案决定行政化、对质权保障不足、前案既判力扩张等问题。应从我国司法实践出发,借鉴域外有益经验,从基本原则、案件范围、分案程序、审判组织、证据规则、裁判拘束力等方面完善分案审理制度。

In China,when facing joint offence,joint trials,unlike separate trials deemed as the exception,have long been regarded as the principle and the first choice in the Chinese criminal justice system.For years,Chinese academics and practitioners have paid little attention on separate trials,resulting in the inadequacy of the norms and standards,and the deficiency of fundamental theoretical research on separate trials.In practice,separate trials of joint offence have experienced an evolution from passive separate trials to active separate trials,and the norms and standards of separate trials have evolved from specialization to generalization.Although the Explanation of Criminal Procedure Law of the People’s Republic of China in 2021,the latest judicial explanation released by the Supreme People’s Court,first clarifies the general norms and standards of separation trials on joint offence,the inadequacy of the norms and standards,the ambiguous scope of cases,and the absence of specific procedures etc.,are still existing in the present regime,so that the randomized scope of separate trials,the administrative intervention on determining separate trials,the lack of guarantees for a pledge,the expansion of Res Judicata,in practice,are difficult to be tackled.Therefore,learning from international experience and basing on China’s judicial practice,in order to build up well-functioning separate trials in the Chinese criminal justice system,it is apparent that the fundamental principles,the scope of cases,the procedures of separate trials,the trial organization,the rule of evidence,the binding force of judgement etc.,urgently need to be optimized.