油棕的花序和花组织形态解剖结构观察

Anatomical Structure Observation of Inflorescence and Flower in Elaeis guineensis

为了解油棕花序和雌雄花结构特点,分别取油棕雌雄花序,在体式显微镜下观察雌雄花的形态特点;并利用冷冻和石蜡切片技术,在光学显微镜下对其雌雄花进行解剖学观察。结果表明:油棕雌雄同株异序,花序腋生,肉穗花序(佛焰花序),雌雄花序均由2层苞片包裹,花序由众多小穗组成。雌花有6片花瓣,内含1枚雌蕊,湿型柱头,开放型花柱,三心皮三室,每个子房室中有1枚胚珠,花柄中散布大量维管束。雄花有3片萼片3片花瓣,内含6枚雄蕊,每个花药含4个花粉囊,中间被药隔相分,花粉形态近似三角形或椭圆形,花柄主要包含表皮、基本组织和维管束,其中遍布大量维管束和纤维,为花发育提供养分和发挥支撑作用。因此,油棕花序和花的形态特征符合棕榈科植物的基本特征,但在花序性别和花解剖结构上与椰子、槟榔和椰枣等棕榈科植物存在差异。

In order to understand the structural characteristics of inflorescence and flowers of Elaeis guineensis,the morphological characteristics of inflorescence and flower of E.guineensis were observed under stereomicroscope,and anatomical observation was conducted by frozen and paraffin section technique under optical microscope.The findings reveals that E.guineensis is monoecious,but male and female inflorescences occur separately on the same plant.Inflorescence is axillary,spadix,wrapped by 2 layers of bracts,composed by many spikelets.The female flower has 6 petals and 1 pistil,stigma is wet column cap,style is open type.Flower has 3 carpels and 3 locules.There is one ovule in each locule.And a large number of vascular bundles are scattered in the flower stalk.The male flower has 3 sepals,3 petals and 6 stamens.Each anther contains 4 pollen sacs which are separated by connective.The pollen morphology is similar to triangle or ellipse,flower stalk mainly contains epidermis,basic tissue and vascular bundle,and there are a lot of vascular bundles and fibers for providing nutrients and sup-porting in flower stalk.In summary,the morphological characteristics of inflorescence and flower of E.guineen-sis accord with the basic characteristics of palm plants,but there are differences in the sex of inflorescence and anatomical structure of flower with other palms,like coconut,areca nut and date palm.