从北京木刻本《十方圣主格斯尔可汗传》中丧葬习俗看蒙藏文化交流与融合

On Cultural Exchange and Integration between Mongolian and Tibetan from Funeral Customs in the Wood Block Version of The Legend of Lord of Ghasr Khan of Beijing

北京木刻本《十方圣主格斯尔可汗传》的内容体现了明清时期蒙古族的诸多生活习俗,其中丧葬习俗中出现了火葬法。清晚期或者民国时期,蒙古地区的丧葬习俗以土葬、火葬、野葬等几种类型为主,土葬法与蒙元时期的“刳木为棺”习俗相比产生了很大的变化,与当时汉人的土葬法相似;野葬法是蒙古族原有的葬法,被保留下来;火葬法同藏传佛教的传入有关,喇嘛高僧对火葬的参与度较高。从史诗内容体现的丧葬习俗看,藏传佛教的传入将丧葬习俗带到蒙古地区,与蒙古地区原有的丧葬习俗相融合,成为蒙古族丧葬习俗中的一类,形象地展示了蒙藏民族文化的交往、交流、交融。

The content of the wood block version of The Legend of Lord of Ghasr Khan shows lots of life customs of Mongolian in Ming and Qing dynasties,cremation method appeared in funeral customs at that time,that was greatly different from the burial method of Yuan dynasty.After the Yuan dynasty,especially after the introduction of Gelug sect of Tibetan Buddhism to Mongolian in Ming and Qing dynasties,the funeral customs changed a lot,the cremation method was accepted.To the late Qing or the republic of China,the funeral methods were mainly burial,cremation and wild burial.Burial method was almost same with the way of Han people,wild burial was the original way of Mongolian and still retained.Only cremation was connected with the introduction of Tibetan Buddhism,and the involvement of Lamas were high.To view from the content of epic,after the introduction of Tibetan Buddhism,the funeral customs were introduced to Mongolian areas and integrated with the original funeral customs and then became a pattern of funeral methods which vividly showed the cultural exchange and integration between Tibetan and Mongolian.