计划经济时期的规划理性:思想、方法与空间

Planning Rationality in Planned Economy:Thought,Method and Space

狭义上的规划理性指以数理关系和计算系统来设计空间形态、提供决策参考的研究方法,但就广泛层面而言,规划理性反映了特定时代背景下的规划活动,以及这些行动所体现的价值逻辑、思想形态及合理性。针对计划经济时期(1949~1978年)的规划理性被“误读”和“忽视”的问题,需要对其开展进一步的阐释和解读。文章立足于分配思想、集权制度和发展方向这三项计划经济的理性基础,通过梳理与之相关且具有代表性的政策文件、研讨交流、规划成果和法律法规,对该时期的城市规划、设计与建设的整体历程进行系统回顾,并对这一时期的规划理性进行辨析,在思想、方法和空间层面提炼规划的理性价值,以期进一步完善新中国成立70多年以来的城市规划史研究,为计划经济遗产的探讨提供思考。

In the narrow sense,planning rationality refers to the research method of designing spatial form and constructing decision-making system with mathematical relations and programming system.From a broad perspective,planning rationality reflects planning activities under a specific background of The Times,as well as the rationality of value logic,ideology and action reflected by these actions.Planning rationality needs to be further explained since it was"misread"and"ignored"in the planned economy period(1949-1978).Based on the three rational bases of planned economy:distribution thought,centralization system and development direction,this paper systematically reviews the whole process of urban planning,design and construction in this period.With a review of representative policy documents,seminars and exchanges,planning achievements and laws and regulations,the rationality and value of planning in this period are extracted from the ideological,methodological and spatial dimensions.Through the analysis of the planning rationality in this period,the value form and the continuity relationship are clarified successively from the level of"idea-method-space",which further improves the study on the history of urban planning since the founding of the People’s Republic of China,and also provides some thoughts for the discussion on the legacy of planned economy.