可吸入细颗粒物与缺血性脑卒中发病关系的研究进展

Research Progress in Relationship between Inhalable Fine Particles and Onset of Ischemic Stroke

可吸入细颗粒物(PM2.5)是受广泛关注的环境污染指标之一,其富含大量的有毒物质。PM2.5可经呼吸道吸入肺中,通过气血屏障进入末梢循环和大脑,或经过嗅神经转运途径进入大脑,通过诱导氧化应激、血管炎症反应、自主神经功能障碍、凝血、纤维蛋白溶解功能改变、表观遗传学机制等途径促进缺血性脑卒中的发生与发展,极大威胁患者的健康、降低其生命质量,增加患者家庭负担。PM2.5被认为是缺血性脑卒中潜在的可改变危险因素之一,但其与缺血性脑卒中的发病机制尚未明确。因此,全面了解PM2.5与缺血性脑卒中的发病关系及致病机制,可为缺血性脑卒中的预防和治疗提供新思路。

Inhalable fine particles(PM2.5)is one of the widely concerned indicators of environmental pollution,which is rich in a lot of toxic substances.PM2.5 can be inhaled into the lungs through the respiratory tract,and enter the peripheral circulation and brain through the gas-blood barrier,or enter the brain through olfactory nerve transport,and promote the occurrence and development of ischemic stroke by inducing oxidative stress,vascular inflammatory reaction,autonomic nervous dysfunction,coagulation,fibrinolytic function changes,epigenetic mechanism and so on,which greatly threatens the health and lower the quality of life of the patients,as well as increases the burden on their families.PM2.5 can be considered as one of the potential changeable risk factors of ischemic stroke,however,because the pathogenesis of PM2.5 and ischemic stroke is not clear.Therefore,a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between PM2.5 and ischemic stroke and its pathogenesis can provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of ischemic stroke.