活血化瘀法防治骨科下肢深静脉栓塞的研究进展

A review on preventing and treating deep vein thrombosis of lower limbs by the activating blood circulation to remove blood stasis method

深静脉栓塞是指人体深静脉内血液的不正常凝结形成血栓,血栓脱落可导致肺栓塞,是骨科患者常见的并发症之一。创伤、手术、卧床制动等是其主要致病因素。中医学通过从气血、津液、经络理论对脉痹(与静脉栓塞对应)进行了全面的阐述,认为"瘀"为基本病机。目前活血化瘀法治疗深静脉栓塞主要使用活血化瘀类药物组方,进行临床观察、实验方剂研究、现代药理研究等,研究大致可以分为分类:(1)保护血管内皮细胞、修复损伤;(2)加快血液循环速度,降低血管阻力;(3)改善血液高凝状态。在从瘀论治的理论基础上开展的此类应用和研究,已经初步建立起了血栓预防的中医辨证分型的标准化模式,为中医药防治骨科深静脉栓塞提供了理论依据和实践方向。

Deep vein thrombosis refers to abnormal coagulation of blood in the deep veins of the human body to form thrombus.The shedding of thrombus can lead to pulmonary embolism,which is one of the common complications of orthopedic patients.Trauma,surgery,and immobilization in bed are the main pathogenic factors.Based on the theories of Qi and blood(气血),body fluid,and meridian,TCM comprehensively described Maibi(corresponding to veinous thrombosis),considered that“stasis”was the basic pathogenesis.Currently the activating blood circulation to remove blood stasis method on deep vein thrombosis is mainly using promoting blood circulation medicines for clinical observation and experimental research,modern pharmacological research,etc..The research can be roughly classified into three types,namely protecting vascular endothelial cells and repairing the damage,speeding up blood circulation to reduce vascular resistance,and ameliorating blood high condensation status.This kind of application and research carried out on the theoretical basis of treating disease from the aspect of stasis has initially established a standardized model of TCM syndrome differentiation for the prevention of thrombosis,which provides a theoretical basis and practical direction for prevention and treatment of deep vein thrombosis in TCM.