背包中短链氯化石蜡污染特征分析及其健康风险评价

Pollution characteristic analysis and risk assessment of SCCPs in backpacks

短链氯化石蜡(SCCPs)是一类含碳原子数为10—13的正构烷烃氯化衍生物,也是一类具有持久性、长距离迁移性、生物蓄积性和生物毒性的物质,对生态环境和人类健康安全存在潜在的风险。为了解市售背包中SCCPs的污染特征及健康风险,本文采用气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC-MS)测定29种常见品牌背包中SCCPs的含量,并采用健康风险评价模型初步评估背包中SCCPs对儿童和成人的健康风险。经检测,背包样品中SCCPs超标率为44.83%,检出率为86.2%。不同材质背包样本的SCCPs含量差异较大。其中,人造革为面料和聚酯纤维为里料的背包中SCCPs平均含量最低(0.06%),未超出(EU)2015/2030指令规定的限值。风险结果表明,儿童和成人经皮肤接触吸收SCCPs的每日暴露量分别在0.78×10^(−3)—7.70×10^(−3)μg·(kg·d)^(−1)和1.70×10^(−3)—1.68×10^(−2)μg·(kg·d)^(−1)之间。不管是成人还是儿童,所有非致癌风险熵和致癌风险熵值均远远小于1,表明背包样中SCCPs对人体无明显健康风险。

Short-chain chlorinated paraffins(SCCPs)are a large and complex family of chlorinated n-alkanes with carbon chain lengths of 10—13.The environmental persistence,toxicity,bioaccumulation and long-range atmospheric transport of SCCPs,resulting in potential risk to the environment and human health.To study the pollution characteristics and health risk of SCCPs in backpacks,concentrations of SCCPs in 29 backpacks were measured by GC-MS in this study and health risk assessment models were used to assess the health risks of SCCPs in backpacks to children and adults.SCCPs were detected at a detection rate of 86.2%,and levels of SCCPs in 44.83%of the tested samples were found above the European Union regulation for SCCPs.The concentrations of SCCPs in backpacks made by different material or texture are quite different.Among them,the average concentration of SCCPs in backpack samples with artificial leather and polyester fiber is the lowest,which is 0.06%and not exceeding the regulation limit.The daily exposure of SCCPs for adults and children are 0.78×10−3—7.70×10−3μg·(kg·d)−1 and 1.70×10−3—1.68×10−2μg·(kg·d)−1,respectively.All non-carcinogenic risk entropy and carcinogenic risk entropy are less than 1,suggesting that the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk of SCCPs in the backpack samples to the human body is low or negligible.